Vegetable Culture

As a rule, we choose to grow bush beans rather thanplants about one foot apart, or thin out to this distance.
pole beans. I cannot make up my mind whether or notTo plant one hundred feet of drill buy half an ounce of
this is from sheer laziness. In a city backyard the tallseed. Seed goes a long way, you see. Kohlrabi is
varieties might perhaps be a problem since it would beserved and prepared like turnip. It is a very satisfactory
difficult to get poles. But these running beans can beearly crop.
trained along old fences and with little urging will run upBefore leaving the cabbage family I should like to say
the stalks of the tallest sunflowers. So that settles thethat the cabbage called Savoy is an excellent variety
pole question. There is an ornamental side to the beanto try. It should always have an early planting under
question.cover, say in February, and then be transplanted into
Suppose you plant these tall beans at the extremeopen beds in March or April. If the land is poor where
rear end of each vegetable row. Make arches withyou are to grow cabbage, then by all means choose
supple tree limbs, binding them over to form the arch.Savoy.
Train the beans over these. When one stands facingCarrots are of two general kinds: those with long roots,
the garden, what a beautiful terminus these beanand those with short roots. If long-rooted varieties are
arches make.chosen, then the soil must be worked down to a depth
Beans like rich, warm, sandy soil. In order to assist theof eighteen inches, surely. The shorter ones will do well
soil be sure to dig deeply, and work it over thoroughlyin eight inches of well-worked sandy soil. Do not put
for bean culture. It never does to plant beans beforecarrot seed into freshly manured land. Another point in
the world has warmed up from its spring chills. There iscarrot culture is one concerning the thinning process.
another advantage in early digging of soil. It brings toAs the little seedlings come up you will doubtless find
the surface eggs and larvae of insects. The birdsthat they are much, much too close together. Wait a
eager for food will even follow the plough to pick frombit, thin a little at a time, so that young, tiny carrots may
the soil these choice morsels. A little lime worked inbe used on the home table. These are the points to jot
with the soil is helpful in the cultivation of beans.down about the culture of carrots.
Bush beans are planted in drills about eighteen inchesThe cucumber is the next vegetable in the line. This is
apart, while the pole-bean rows should be three feeta plant from foreign lands. Some think that the
apart. The drills for the bush limas should be furthercucumber is really a native of India. A light, sandy and
apart than those for the other dwarf beans say threerich soil is needed I mean rich in the sense of richness
feet. This amount of space gives opportunity forin organic matter. When cucumbers are grown
cultivation with the hoe. If the running beans climb toooutdoors, as we are likely to grow them, they are
high just pinch off the growing extreme end, and thisplanted in hills. Nowadays, they are grown in hothouses;
will hold back the upward growth.they hang from the roof, and are a wonderful sight. In
Among bush beans are the dwarf, snap or stringthe greenhouse a hive of bees is kept so that
beans, the wax beans, the bush limas, one variety ofcross-fertilization may go on.
which is known as brittle beans. Among the poleBut if you intend to raise cucumbers follow these
beans are the pole limas, wax and scarlet runner. Thedirections: Sow the seed inside, cover with one inch of
scarlet runner is a beauty for decorative effects. Therich soil. In a little space of six inches diameter, plant six
flowers are scarlet and are fine against an old fence.seeds. Place like a bean seed with the germinating end
These are quite lovely in the flower garden. Wherein the soil. When all danger of frost is over, each set of
one wishes a vine, this is good to plant for one getssix little plants, soil and all, should be planted in the open.
both a vegetable, bright flowers and a screen from theLater, when danger of insect pests is over, thin out to
one plant. When planting beans put the bean in the soilthree plants in a hill. The hills should be about four feet
edgewise with the eye down.apart on all sides.
Beets like rich, sandy loam, also. Fresh manure workedBefore the time of Christ, lettuce was grown and
into the soil is fatal for beets, as it is for many anotherserved. There is a wild lettuce from which the
crop. But we will suppose that nothing is available butcultivated probably came. There are a number of
fresh manure. Some gardeners say to work this intocultivated vegetables which have wild ancestors,
the soil with great care and thoroughness. But even so,carrots, turnips and lettuce being the most common
there is danger of a particle of it getting next to aamong them. Lettuce may be tucked into the garden
tender beet root. The following can be done; Dig aalmost anywhere. It is surely one of the most
trench about a foot deep, spread a thin layer ofdecorative of vegetables. The compact head, the
manure in this, cover it with soil, and plant above this.green of the leaves, the beauty of symmetry all these
By the time the main root strikes down to the manureare charming characteristics of lettuces.
layer, there will be little harm done. Beets should not beAs the summer advances and as the early sowings
transplanted. If the rows are one foot apart there isof lettuce get old they tend to go to seed. Don't let
ample space for cultivation. Whenever the weather isthem. Pull them up. None of us are likely to go into the
really settled, then these seeds may be planted. Youngseed-producing side of lettuce. What we are
beet tops make fine greens. Greater care should beinterested in is the raising of tender lettuce all the
taken in handling beets than usually is shown. Whenseason. To have such lettuce in mid and late summer
beets are to be boiled, if the tip of the root and theis possible only by frequent plantings of seed. If seed is
tops are cut off, the beet bleeds. This means a loss ofplanted every ten days or two weeks all summer, you
good material. Pinching off such parts with the fingerscan have tender lettuce all the season. When lettuce
and doing this not too closely to the beet itself is thegets old it becomes bitter and tough.
proper method of handling.Melons are most interesting to experiment with. We
There are big coarse members of the beet andsuppose that melons originally came from Asia, and
cabbage families called the mangel wurzel and rutaparts of Africa. Melons are a summer fruit. Over in
baga. About here these are raised to feed to theEngland we find the muskmelons often grown under
cattle. They are a great addition to a cow's dinner.glass in hothouses. The vines are trained upward
The cabbage family is a large one. There is therather than allowed to lie prone. As the melons grow
cabbage proper, then cauliflower, broccoli or a morelarge in the hot, dry atmosphere, just the sort which is
hardy cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts and kohlrabi, aright for their growth, they become too heavy for the
cabbage-turnip combination.vine to hold up. So they are held by little bags of
Cauliflower is a kind of refined, high-toned cabbagenetting, just like a tennis net in size of mesh. The bags
relative. It needs a little richer soil than cabbage andare supported on nails or pegs. It is a very pretty sight I
cannot stand the frost. A frequent watering withcan assure you. Over here usually we raise our
manure water gives it the extra richness and water itmelons outdoors. They are planted in hills. Eight seeds
really needs. The outer leaves must be bent over, asare placed two inches apart and an inch deep. The hills
in the case of the young cabbage, in order to get theshould have a four foot sweep on all sides; the
white head. The dwarf varieties are rather the best towatermelon hills ought to have an allowance of eight
plant.to ten feet. Make the soil for these hills very rich. As
Kale is not quite so particular a cousin. It can standthe little plants get sizeable say about four inches in
frost. Rich soil is necessary, and early spring planting,height reduce the number of plants to two in a hill.
because of slow maturing. It may be planted inAlways in such work choose the very sturdiest plants
September for early spring work.to keep. Cut the others down close to or a little below
Brussels sprouts are a very popular member of thisthe surface of the ground. Pulling up plants is a
family. On account of their size many people who doshocking way to get rid of them. I say shocking
not like to serve poor, common old cabbage will servebecause the pull is likely to disturb the roots of the two
these. Brussels sprouts are interesting in their growth.remaining plants. When the melon plant has reached a
The plant stalk runs skyward. At the top, umbrella like,length of a foot, pinch off the end of it. This pinch
is a close head of leaves, but this is not what we eat.means this to the plant: just stop growing long, take
Shaded by the umbrella and packed all along the stalktime now to grow branches. Sand or lime sprinkled
are delicious little cabbages or sprouts. Like the rest ofabout the hills tends to keep bugs away.
the family a rich soil is needed and plenty of waterThe word pumpkin stands for good, old-fashioned pies,
during the growing period. The seed should be plantedfor Thanksgiving, for grandmother's house. It really
in May, and the little plants transplanted into rich soil inbrings more to mind than the word squash. I suppose
late July. The rows should be eighteen inches apart,the squash is a bit more useful, when we think of the
and the plants one foot apart in the rows.fine Hubbard, and the nice little crooked-necked
Kohlrabi is a go-between in the families of cabbagesummer squashes; but after all, I like to have more
and turnip. It is sometimes called the turnip-rootpumpkins. And as for Jack-o'-lanterns why they
cabbage. Just above the ground the stem of this plantpositively demand pumpkins. In planting these, the same
swells into a turnip-like vegetable. In the true turnip thegeneral directions hold good which were given for
swelling is underground, but like the cabbage, kohlrabimelons. And use these same for squash-planting, too.
forms its edible part above ground. It is easy to grow.But do not plant the two cousins together, for they
Only it should develop rapidly, otherwise the swellinghave a tendency to run together. Plant the pumpkins in
gets woody, and so loses its good quality. Sow out asbetween the hills of corn and let the squashes go in
early as possible; or sow inside in March and transplantsome other part of the garden.
to the open. Plant in drills about two feet apart. Set the