Randori - the Philosophy and the Practice

By far the most common misconception associatedperspective. With the "win-lose" thinking entirely
with randori is the notion that it is just club-based orremoved from the equation, a randori mentality will not
friendly competition. It is not hard to see why this is soencroach or threaten in any way the mindset
and why randori very frequently degenerates intonecessary to succeed in the aforementioned
either Uchi Komi (repetitive fitness and fluidity building),"contests". Indeed, quite the opposite - for when there
or Shiai (score orientated competition).Let us stateis a sudden and compelling need to win, emotions are
from the outset that the term "degenerate" shouldrunning high and your well being (or that gold medal) is
NOT be taken to mean that these practices (Uchiunder threat, one cannot afford to be thinking about
Komi and Shiai) are lesser pastimes, but that they are"technique", there will be quite enough to worry about
quite distinct and separate activities of their own, withwithout the added burden of last minute technical
their own solid merits. The closest thing to randori, inrevision. We have an opponent to study, a strategy to
terms of say tennis or squash is the "hit up", whereimplement, courage to muster, emotions and
two players are playing hard against each other, but"situations" to be controlled. On the competition mat, or
NOT SCORING!! That is to say, the concept of winningin the street, one wants all one`s resources focused on
and losing MUST be eradicated entirely from the mind,WHAT to do, or WHEN to do it, not HOW to do
in order that technique can be polished, and knowledgeit.Contrary to popular belief, the concept of randori was
can be converted to instinctive physical ability, or innot the invention of Dr Kano coincident with the
order that one can see the effect of various tactics indevelopment of judo. Kano did further refine and
a relatively full blooded contestual environment,define randori principles and he introduced groundwork
DEVOID OF THE PRESSURE TO WIN.We can`t helprandori and the long sleeved judogi for safety and a
ourselves, most of us; it is after all human nature towider range of new throws, but true randori was the
enjoy victory, and so we find ourselves having a bit ofdominant training tool of Hachinosuke Fukuda, Kano`s
a pull around on the mat with a friend and we executeteacher at the Tenjin-Shinyo School of Jujitsu.Where
a nice throw. Someone mutters "nice throw" and wedoes this place randori in the larger training regime? Let
feel quite pleased with ourselves, and the other guyus consider five major elements of on-the-mat training
mutters to himself, "dam! - how did I fall for that?"and how they fundamentally differ - or more precisely
Sound familiar?Three things have to happen for thishow they SHOULD differ:-Technical instruction -
process to evolve into randori . . .1. Mutual Benefit -obviously, before we know anything about anything
randori is the perfect opportunity to hone a strongwe have to be taught the basics, the how-to of a
sense of ethics and unselfish goodwill towards yourtechnique. Most dojos do plenty of this and many
comrades on the mat. Whatever you "give" in randoriteachers and coaches, including coaches of many non
will be repaid many times over in good fellowship,martial art sports may feel that unless they are
respect, trust and perpetually improving skills.2. Afterproviding a constant stream of technical instruction
doing that aforementioned throw, we should refrainthey are somehow failing to meet obligations to their
absolutely from feeling pleased with ourselves andstudents. Boxers are the least guilty of this, their
instead, wonder what exactly allowed it to happen. If itemphasis is not in knowing a thousand techniques, but
was because of a blatant weak spot in your partnersin doing a small number extremely well.Uchi Komi -
defense, then he/she should be given the opportunityincludes "fit-ins", "throw for throw" and repetitive
to understand that, maybe you should keep doing itcombinations, counters or escapes, or strings of hold
until the other has closed the gap and you are notdowns. Osae Komi is principally a physical conditioner
pulling it off any more. Both of you will benefitand technique builder, practised without the added
enormously if this thinking pervades the exercise.3.burden of philosophical/cultural considerations or a
After being thrown, we should refrain absolutely fromresistive opponent. Modern "western" non-martial
being disappointed at falling for it. For therein lies asports such as tennis and squash place great
GREAT OPPORTUNITY to learn something, if onlyemphasis on the value of repetition of the essential
our disappointment can be made to step aside for a"parts" of a larger technique set.Kata - Often
minute and make room for objective egoless study ofunderrated as a training mechanism, kata in fact helps
what happened.If you are not quite sure whattransfer intellectual knowledge into body knowledge -
happened, it is quite in order and quite common in true"learning by doing" - such that the mechanics of a
randori to ask your partner to "do it again" - so thattechnique or set of techniques and their interrelationship
you can fall for the same trick again, and again, andis understood at both a physical and intellectual level.
again, until something reveals itself to you. If you areKata, most importantly, also serves to connect the
not prepared to fall for the same trick repeatedly, thenphysical to the philosophical or spiritual and cultural
clearly you are sliding into a Shiai mentality becauseethical. "Physical meditation" some have called it - Tai
you would rather stay upright and "win" than learn whyChi, Karate and Yoga students are the clear leaders in
you are able to be thrown or locked up by thisthis genre of practice. As with randori, there is no
particular partner using that particular technique.For thisconcept of winning or losing in kata, nor is there any
reason also, do not be tempted to "referee" a randoriopposing pressure against proper execution, outside of
session. One sees this a lot, two players arethe practitioners own internal barriers. It is at the
supposedly indulging in randori but a third player isopposite end of the spectrum to Osae Komi, although
actually refereeing and awarding points and penalties,some katas and particularly Yoga Asanas are also
furthering the notion that someone is going to win thisextremely physically taxing.Randori - As with kata,
bout. It isn`t a bout! The third player`s job, if indeed therethere is no concept of winning or losing, yet conversely,
is a third player, is to be an analyst, not a referee. Thatas with Uchi Komi, it is highly physical. Randori requires
is to say, he/she (very often your sensei or otherthat there be added (measured) opposing pressure.
"higher belt") is there to help the players with usefulBJJ players and wrestlers put great emphasis on a
third party tips - "keep those elbows in!" - "keep himrandori like training regimen or something that falls
moving!" - "relax!" - "try the other side for aapproximately between true randori and "moderated"
change!"Similarly, if one is successfully executing acompetition."For real" - Testing the theory - the bit we
technique despite your best defenses, let it happen, leteither hope we never have to indulge in if it is self
yourself be thrown. You failed to prevent it initially, sodefense we are referring to, or, if sporting competition,
let it happen, let him prove his point and let yourselfthe bit we view with either relish or trepidation,
observe the complete process, there are no points todepending on what we think our chances are! For
be lost. In doing so, your partner gets a chance tojujitsukas, self defense pressures can be emulated to
control you right to the mat and practice his "control"some degree in the dojo with a shiai like combative
and kake, an opportunity that does not present itselfsparring match under prescribed rules for safety plus
too often in shiai, or for jujitsu practitioners, in a street"prohibited" techniques; or in the case of judo players, a
self defense situation. The opponent (as againststandard judo tournament under IJF rules - "Shiai" in
"partner") will be doing everything in their power toother words. Whatever the format however, most
disrupt control and clean kake, of course! Only indisciplines need some method by which the skills can
properly executed randori will these opportunities tobe validated or put to the test in order that they may
learn present themselves and only in randori do youevolve. One could argue that martial arts grading tests
get a good opportunity to study your own ukemi anddo this if they are sufficiently arduous and challenging,
transition into ground work. His success is yourbut for many of us it might be a long time between
opportunity to study, therefore, his success should begradings, for others it is the journey not the result and
something you begin to look forward to rather thanfor still others, the "proof of concept" is found
view it as your "defeat" or failure.After being thrown,inescapably in improved wellness and a sense of
pause for a second on the mat, rather than scrambleachievement or fulfillment. There are other ways to
away before groundwork can commence. Eventuallytest the theory besides competition, to be sure. I don`t
your partner will see the opportunity to fall straight intosee many Tai Chi tournaments out there but I do see
ne waza, practice a smooth transition and thus givea lot of happy healthy practitioners.So which of the
BOTH of you the opportunity to study this process asfive is missing from your schedule? Chances are, its
well. Later, as this improves, these openings orrandori. "No" you retort indignantly, "we put aside time
invitations can be reduced or eliminated as both of youfor randori every training session!".Is it randori? - or is it
get better and better at these smooth and speedyShiai? To an outside observer, there seems to be little
transitions.Being a good randori partner is quite an art -difference, however those differences, whilst subtle,
and applies with equal importance to both jujitsu andare critical.Yellow and orange belts, ask yourselves, did
judo, for if done properly, presents no threat to theyou feel you "won" your randori session with the green
underlying motivators of these two closely relatedbelt? If the answer is "yes", then you were indulging in
disciplines. Randori, done properly, will have no dilutoryShiai, while the green belt was randoriing.Blue and
effect on the need of the judo player to maintain abrown belts, did you feel you got the jump on your
"match" mentality, nor will it weaken the jujitsuka`ssensei this time? Perhaps the black belt was using you
drivers to "get in quickly, finish it quickly".Bothto study his own weak spots instead of working
philosophies are "win" orientated, one for a competitivetowards a win. THAT'S randori!
sport scenario, the other from a self defense