Tennis Racquets - Variations and Modifications

I only played tennis with my father once. At that time,inches in length, and they can weigh between eight and
he wore a white T-shirt, white shorts that came to welltwelve ounces (without strings). The size of the head
above his mid-thighs, white shoes and white kneeis a major determining factor in a racquet's capabilities.
socks. In his defense, he was (and still is) in very goodWhile a larger head allows for more power, a smaller
shape, and he pulled off the look much better thanone gives the player more precise control. Today,
most of his contemporaries could have. Of course, theheads can vary from 90 to 137 square inches in area.
crowing glory to his ensemble was his wooden, circaThe strings are is another major area of racquet
1975 tennis racquet. Its wooden frame and small,variability. On traditional tennis racquets, natural gut was
ovular head were in marked contrast to my racquet'sthe material of choice, and some modern racquets still
metal frame and neon-colored polyester strings.use cow intestine. This material is actually considered
However, that contrast now serves as an excellentby many to be the best for tennis racquet strings in
example of the changes tennis racquets haveterms of overall playability. However, natural gut strings
undergone over the past few decades.break easily and are very expensive, which means
Tennis racquets have, in one form or another, beenthat only professional tennis players tend to use them.
around for hundreds of years. Up until the late 1960s,Synthetic gut, on the other hand, is widely used by
most tennis racquets were made of laminated wood.amateurs and pros alike. It can be made from a
At that time, the first steel racquets were introducedvariety of artificial materials, making it cheaper and
and popularized by Jimmy Connors, a top Americaneasier to manufacture than the natural version. Strings
tennis player of the era. A few years later, aluminummade from synthetic gut are also more durable. The
construction came on the market, which allowed formost popular synthetic strings are nylon. These strings
racquets of much lighter weight. As a result,have a tendency toward breakage and often come
"oversized" racquet heads were popular for the firstwith wear-resistant coatings. Polyester is also
time. Previously, racquet heads had been about 65common; these strings are fairly stiff and do not
square inches in area. After the inception of thecreate as much power, which allows a player to
aluminum frame, heads jumped in size tobetter control the ball with a full swing. Kevlar is the
approximately 110 square inches. Aluminum framesstiffest and most durable of the synthetic materials. It is
were followed by carbon fiber, ceramics, glass fiber,often used in conjunction with another material, as
boron and titanium composites in the early 1980s. SinceKevlar by itself is too stiff for many players. All of
then, composite frames have become the industrythese materials come in both "monofilament" and
standard."multifilament" variations: the former means a string
While modern tennis racquets vary in length, weightcomposed of a single, thick strand, the latter being a
and head size. Those for adults are usually about 27string made up of multiple, smaller strands.